Why is genetic diversity important in populations?

• A. It decreases the survival rate in changing conditions
• B. It reduces the chances of mutation
• C. It contributes to the resilience and adaptability of a population
• D. It solely depends on environmental factors

Answer: (C)

Genetic diversity is crucial because it contributes to the resilience and adaptability of a population. When a population has a wide range of genetic variation, it is better equipped to respond to environmental changes and challenges such as diseases, climate shifts, and habitat alterations. This diversity allows some individuals to possess traits that may be beneficial under new conditions, enabling them to survive and reproduce. Over time, these beneficial traits can become more prevalent in the population, enhancing overall survival rates.

In contrast, a genetically homogenous population may struggle to adapt to changes, potentially leading to a higher risk of extinction. The variability in genetic traits within a population acts as a form of insurance against changing circumstances, ensuring that at least some members can cope with new challenges. Thus, genetic diversity plays a pivotal role in the long-term health and viability of species.